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Isma'il Pasha ((アラビア語:إسماعيل باشا) ''Ismā‘īl Bāshā'', Turkish: ''İsmail Paşa''), known as Ismail the Magnificent (31 December 1830 – 2 March 1895), was the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1863 to 1879, when he was removed at the behest of the United Kingdom. Sharing the ambitious outlook of his grandfather, Muhammad Ali Pasha, he greatly modernized Egypt and Sudan during his reign, investing heavily in industrial and economic development, urbanisation, and the expansion of the country's boundaries in Africa. His philosophy can be glimpsed at in a statement that he made in 1879: "My country is no longer in Africa; we are now part of Europe. It is therefore natural for us to abandon our former ways and to adopt a new system adapted to our social conditions". In 1867 he also secured Ottoman and international recognition for his title of ''Khedive'' (Viceroy) in preference to ''Wāli'' (Governor) which was previously used by his predecessors in the Ottoman Eyalet of Egypt and Sudan (1517–1867). However, Isma'il's policies placed the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan (1867–1914) in severe debt, leading to the sale of the country's shares in the Suez Canal Company to the United Kingdom, and his ultimate toppling from power at British hands. ==Family== The second of the three sons of Ibrahim Pasha and the grandson of Muhammad Ali, Ismail, of Albanian descent, was born in Cairo at Al Musafir Khana Palace〔(Musafirkhana Palace, Cairo, Egypt : Reviews of Musafirkhana Palace - Yahoo! Travel )〕 His mother was Hoshiar (Khushiyar Khater), third wife of his father. She was reportedly a sister of Valide Sultan Pertevniyal (1812–1883). Pertevniyal was a wife of Mahmud II of the Ottoman Empire and mother of Abdülaziz I.〔(Christopher Buyers, "The Muhammad 'Ali Dynasty Genealogy" )〕〔(Non European Royalty Website, entry:"Egypt" )〕〔("Women in Power" 1840-1870, entry: "1863-79 Valida Pasha Khushiyar of Egypt" )〕〔(Rulers from the House of Mohammed Aly )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isma'il Pasha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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